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Erro fundamental de atribuição
Click here for English or if you followed the link from Alan Connor's BBC article.
Segundo a BBC, 1: Jean Charles de Menezes sai de uma casa vigiada pela segurança et chega na estação de metro Stockwell
2: Testemunhas dizem que ele pulou a a roleta do metrô
3 Depois correu a escada rolante abaixo quando 20 policiais clandestinos dele se aproximaram
4: Se recusa a obedecer ordens policiais e tenta entrar em um dos trens da Northern Line
O Globo: "Em uma reportagem reproduzida em sua edição eletrônica, o
'The Guardian' ressaltou a inocência do brasileiro, que recebeu cinco
tiros na cabeça à queima-roupa ao ser tomado por um terrorista pelos
policiais .... Vivendo na Inglaterra há três anos, o mineiro Jean Charles de Menezes ... tinha planos de voltar para o Brasil em um prazo de
seis meses.
Jean cursou até o segundo grau na cidade de Gonzaga, em
Minas Gerais, foi morar em São Paulo aos 18 anos, onde fez um curso de
eletricista, e partiu para a Europa aos 24 anos em busca de uma
oportunidade de emprego."
Nei Duclós: "Tua biografia escassa, Jean Charles, jaz fuzilada com cinco tiros pelas costas. Tua precariedade é tão profunda, que por instantes foste confundido com um terrorista no metrô de Londres. Nossa vista cansada embarcou nessa nota fria, antes que te reconhecessem, antes que confessassem a culpa. Não eras apenas a rotina dos assassinatos de uma metrópole tomada pelo medo. Eras um pouco mais. Descobriram que encarnaste por alguns minutos esse pânico que gera o terror e põe a culpa nas vítimas. Vinhas de um nebuloso conjunto de apartamentos vigiados pela vingança. Ias para o trabalho com teus olhos de índio, que uma testemunha definiu como asiáticos, com tuas pernas criadas no interior de Minas, que ao expressarem pressa sugeriam fuga. Vestias um casaco num dia de calor, porque aprendeste como é traiçoeiro o clima para quem confia excessivamente nele. Mas a suspeita provocada pela tua roupa era apenas a violência engatilhada na esquina. Não eras tu, eletricista sem nome na multidão em trânsito, em busca da cidadania que te negaram. Eras um "criminoso" levando embaixo do braço, oculto no casaco improvável, uma estupidez que enfim puxou o gatilho."
Jean Charles de Menezes parece ser vitima de erro fundamental de atribuição, tendência das pessoas a superestimarem as características disposicionais e a subestimarem as características situacionais, ao explicarem o comportamento do outro. Estudos mostram que o erro fundamental de atribuição seria característico das culturas ocidentais individualistas (Inglaterra) e não das culturas coletivistas (Brasil).
Jean Charles de Menezes, recquiescat en pace.
The British police are ill-prepared to deal with their new reality and may need training to reduce fundamental attribution errors when dealing with suspected criminals: "people tend to have a default assumption that what a person does is based more on what "kind" of person he is, rather than the social and environmental forces at work on that person. This default assumption leads to people sometimes making erroneous explanations for behavior."
As Malcolm Gladwell, author of Blink, explains:
"on a whim, I let [my hair] grow wild, as it had been when I was teenager. Immediately, in very small but significant ways, my life changed. I started getting speeding tickets all the time--and I had never gotten any before. I started getting pulled out of airport security lines for special attention. And one day, while walking along 14th Street in downtown Manhattan, a police van pulled up on the sidewalk, and three officers jumped out. They were looking, it turned out, for a rapist, and the rapist, they said, looked a lot like me. They pulled out the sketch and the description. I looked at it, and pointed out to them as nicely as I could that in fact the rapist looked nothing at all like me. He was much taller, and much heavier, and about fifteen years younger (and, I added, in a largely futile attempt at humor, not nearly as good-looking.) All we had in common was a large head of curly hair. After twenty minutes or so, the officers finally agreed with me, and let me go. On a scale of things, I realize this was a trivial misunderstanding. African-Americans in the United State suffer indignities far worse than this all the time. But what struck me was how even more subtle and absurd the stereotyping was in my case: this wasn't about something really obvious like skin color, or age, or height, or weight. It was just about hair. Something about the first impression created by my hair derailed every other consideration in the hunt for the rapist, and the impression formed in those first two seconds exerted a powerful hold over the officers' thinking over the next twenty minutes. That episode on the street got me thinking about the weird power of first impressions."
Further, some evidence supports the contention that person living in cultures which tend to emphasize the individual over the group may be more likely to commit the fundamental attribution error.
Sadly, Jean Charles de Menezes seems to be the victim of this type of error by British police.
Posted by Alex on juillet 24, 2005 at 05:27 PM dans Current Affairs, Politics, Society | Permalink
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Commentaires
I propose that all nations that oppose the death penalty boycott the 2012 London Olympics as long as Britain maintains the shoot-to-kill lunacy. Or perhaps London should do the decent thing and give the games up now. Its lame police performance doesn't convince me that they can guarantee that athletes or spectators won't be shot in case something happens.
Rédigé par: Jason | 26 juil 2005 19:32:00
Well Jason I think you should be ashamed of your self. The British police have the best record in the world for non-violent endings to confrontations with the criminal world. They are the best trained, and teach British policing techniques around the globe.
Then some fanatics commit mass murder of innocent men women and children. A man who, wearing a bulky overcoat on a warm summer day, is challenged outside a tube station by officers identifying themselves as police men. The day before the same station was the site of a failed attempt to commit another mass murder.
After being challenged Charles de Menezes turns around jumps over the ticket barriers and runs off down the tunnel. He is ordered to stop again but fails to do so. Then to everyones horror he jumps into a crowded train. Just as those other muderers did on July7.
What do you think was going through everyones mind at that point. Of course the police shot him.
Why run? Why jump the security barrier and not run the other way? Why dive into the crowded train?
If you don't like the actions being taken to protect the British people don't come to Britian. If you live in Britian you would support the police action 100%. Just because you are nice and safe where you are living it does not give you the right to demand Britain gives up it's security for it's people.
If Menezes had stopped when ordered he would not have died.
Rédigé par: Bill | 26 juil 2005 23:14:08
But how do you kjnow he was asked to stop? Let's wait for the investigation to finish before jumping to any conclusions.
Rédigé par: Robert Chang | 27 juil 2005 02:19:28
I agree these are tense moments and that it is easy to second-guess what happenned with the benefit of hindsight and from the comfort of one's home. The officers were under pressure, Jean Charles was scared and unfortunately the outcome was tragic*. Of course, the officers were trying their best and deserve our support.
On the other hand, I think more can be done to prevent this type of tragic event and we should wait for the investigation to uncover the full story. In this particular case, and judging from the sequence of events as told by numerous news sources, I believe the police had time to question and/or neutralize Jean Charles, starting from the moment he was being followed when he left his flat in Stockwell.
The British police have long had a stellar reputation and they should be held to that standard.
Alex
*Note: I won't second guess the police and I won't second guess Jean Charles as to why he ran when challenged. I believe both sides could have done more to avoid this outcome. In the case of police, they should step-up their intelligence gathering. In the case of civilians, they should probably be careful of what they wear, not carry a backpack, and not listen to their iPods when the state of emergency is high. Public service announcements could also be run on TV and radio to alert people as to what type of behavior is and is not acceptable.
Just my 2 cents of course.
Rédigé par: Alex | 27 juil 2005 04:58:25
O PASSO DA BANDEIRA
(Para Jean Charles Menezes, in memoriam)
Nei Duclós
Essa bandeira omissa amortalha tua presença
Voltas para a origem embalado em nosso ombro
Depositam teu corpo no chão pleno de sonho
Um poema inútil engrossa a fila da denúncia
És a coragem que cruza o mar de bolso vazio
És o medo de cidadãos amordaçados pelo Mal
O Hino é a despedida que cerca a indiferença
Querias o Tempo, mas teu único sal caiu no rio
Não temos como recuar, agora que és lembrança
Por que a ferocidade destruiu o teu exemplo?
Morreste num curral, derrubado de vingança
A covardia é a moeda vil dos que nos compram
Uma estação de flores foi plantada com terror
Olhamos para ti e nosso choro é apenas vento
Rédigé par: Nei Duclós | 28 juil 2005 10:30:01
Gut!
Rédigé par: berlin | 27 fév 2009 07:51:38






